The crowned hermaphrodite standing upon the crescent moon represents the perfected union of opposites: king and queen, masculine and feminine, spirit and matter fused into a being that has developed all four cognitive functions. Alchemy was a secret teaching about the development of consciousness. The alchemists knew that man had a defective consciousness because he uses only one of the four ways to be conscious. The number four in the alchemical lore always refers to the four elements or the four temperaments which C. G. Jung has renamed as the four cognitive functions Sensation, Intuition, Feeling and Thinking. Those four elements are two pairs of opposites: Fire/Water and Earth/Air which is also the case of Jung's cognitive functions: Sensation/Intuition and Feeling/Thinking. Those four elements appears in the illustration as land, lake, sky and sun, illustrating the topic of alchemy.
Because those elements of consciousness are always two pairs of opposites, the hermaphrodite represents the human that has developed the two pairs of cognitive functions that constitute his consciousness. Standing on the grey moon crescent moon signifies that the adept has mastered his earthly nature of consciousness incompleteness.
The black crow resting on the right hand symbolizes the lowering of the dominant cognitive function that permits the development of the three others which are represented by the three serpents in the golden chalice in the adept's left hand. The tree of knowledge standing beside the adept represents the access to an enhanced perception of reality because the hermaphrodite has two ways of perceiving the world (Sensation and Intuition) and two ways of judging those perceptions (Thinking and Feeling).
Have a good day.
—This image is an alchemical engraving from the 1622 work Philosophia Reformata by Johann Daniel Mylius.
**********
To learn more, please refer to my book
The KEY to Understand C. G. Jung,
available HERE on AMAZON.